Distributed Systems

Splitting a system into services makes boundaries expensive to change. Getting them wrong produces a distributed monolith that is harder…

Adding a queue between a fast producer and a slow consumer feels like it solved the throughput mismatch. Without backpressure,…

When a client retries a request because it timed out, the server cannot tell whether the original request actually succeeded,…

Networks fail after the request arrives but before the response returns. Without idempotency, your retry logic is a duplicate-charge generator.

At-least-once delivery is the practical guarantee almost every queue actually provides, and a job handler that assumes exactly-once will eventually…