Backend

Databases & Data Engineering

The N+1 Query Problem Survives Every ORM Meant to Prevent It

Fetching a list and then a related record for each item individually turns one reasonable query into hundreds, and an…

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Databases & Data Engineering

Opening a Database Connection per Request Is a Latency Tax You Pay Forever

Establishing a database connection is expensive, and opening a fresh one for every request adds that cost to every single…

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Backend & APIs

Caching Is Easy Until You Have to Invalidate It

Adding a cache is straightforward; the hard part is deciding when cached data is stale and removing it, and most…

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Backend & APIs

Rate Limiting Is a Product Decision, Not Just a Security Control

The limits you set on an API communicate what you expect from your clients, and getting them wrong either lets…

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Databases & Data Engineering

Databases & Data Engineering: Connection Leaks Rarely Look Like Leaks

A connection leak does not crash anything immediately. It slowly consumes the pool until an unrelated feature starts timing out…

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